A change in seasons can also bring a change in mood and mental health. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) can occur at any change of season, but it is most common in the fall and winter months. Learning what SAD is, how to recognize it, and best practices for treating it can help you or a loved one manage mental health changes throughout the year.
What is SAD?
According to the Anxiety & Depression Association of America (ADAA)1, “Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that’s related to a lack of sunlight or changes in seasons.” Many of us experience a slight change in mood or the ‘winter blues’ when the weather is dreary, we are stuck indoors for long periods, or there is a lack of sunlight. However, SAD is a form of depression that can negatively affect mood, behavior, and how we function each day. Research has found that the changes we experience in the colder, darker months can trigger a chemical change in the brain that results in depression symptoms (John Hopkins Medicine2).
What are the Signs of SAD?
While it can be normal to experience mild symptoms or feel a little down in the winter months, the symptoms that stem from SAD are much more intense. SAD symptoms mimic those of depression and can include prolonged feelings of sadness most days, anxiousness, hopelessness, irritability, loss of interest, extreme fatigue, considerable changes in appetite or weight, and thoughts of death or suicide. Fall and winter SAD symptoms can also include oversleeping, overeating, and social withdrawal. Though it is less common, SAD can happen in the spring and summer months as well. The symptoms for spring and summer can include insomnia, loss of appetite, restlessness, aggression, and anxiety (National Institute of Mental Health3).
When Should You See a Doctor?
Mild feelings of the ‘winter blues’ can be common when the weather changes. However, if symptoms worsen, become prolonged, or affect your day-to-day activities and responsibilities, you should contact your doctor right away. Working together with your doctor can help you establish a personalized treatment plan that provides lasting management. Other mental or physical health conditions can trigger SAD and depression, so an official diagnosis from your physician that rules out other underlying issues is necessary. If you ever experience thoughts of self-harm or suicide, contact a healthcare provider immediately.
How Can SAD Be Treated?
SAD can be treated in several ways, including light therapy, counseling, medications, and Vitamin D supplements. Light therapy can mimic sunlight exposure during dreary or darker days. Counseling or talk therapy can provide new perspectives and strategies that help manage the symptoms of SAD. Your doctor may suggest medications and supplements such as antidepressants or Vitamin D to use in conjunction with other management techniques. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any treatment to help determine the best approach for your needs. Keep in mind that regular follow-ups are necessary to assess the efficacy of your treatment and if any changes are needed.
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